Image A
Image B
- Term "benign hypertension" is usually slight to moderate severity and of long duration; it does not imply etiology, although most often it is considered "essential" hypertension.
- Benign nephrosclerosis is the term applied to the renal changes seen with long-standing benign hypertension.
- Usually asymptomatic.
- Two process induces:
- Medial and intimal thickening as response to hemodynamic changes, aging, genetic defects combination.
- Hyaline deposition in arterioles from plasma protein extravasation thru injured endothelium and deposition of basement membrane matrix.
- Gross:
Image C
Image D
- Histology:
- Benign hypertension by itself rarely causes renal insufficiency or uremia, although there may occasionally be mild proteinuria.